Network systems can use either optical fibers or copper cabling for connections. While the two materials both transmit data, they have significant differences. One of those is cost. Fiber has been the more expensive option for a long time. However, technological advances have leveled the playing field to some extent. Explore whether fiber optic is more expensive than copper and some of the reasons behind their price differences.
Why Fiber Optic Is More Expensive Than Copper
RJ45 Ethernet cables use copper to transmit data as electrical impulses. It comes in various types, rated Cat5e, Cat6, Cat7, and Cat8. Higher numbers indicate faster transfer speeds. However, transmission distances are very limited over copper cabling. This makes it suitable for connections between equipment in data centers but not for longer runs.
Optical fibers transmit data as light waves. They can manage very high-speed transfers over longer distances. They are also thinner and more flexible compared to copper, which allows for easier installation and cable management in crowded server racks.
There is no arguing that the initial cost of fiber optic cabling and components is higher than that for similar copper-based versions. Optical fibers are more complex than copper, which is a large driver in the cost differences. This applies to the cables themselves, as well as to many of the transceivers, ports, and connectors used to link them. However, advances in technology have muddied the picture a little and there are times when fiber is preferable to and more cost-effective than copper cabling.
Cables
Copper is slightly less expensive than optical fiber cabling per linear foot. However, you may need to use more runs with copper cabling because of data transmission limitations. In some applications, that can leave you paying more for copper cables than fiber optics.
Installation
Fiber optic network installation can be complex compared to installations using traditional cables. It requires specialized knowledge and equipment, which can drive up the cost. For systems requiring entire infrastructure upgrades, the costs can be significant. These added costs will decrease with the increased installation of fiber infrastructure due to economies of scale, which help lower the cost per unit as production and installation efforts expand.
Ways Fiber Can Be More Economical Than Copper
There are also several ways that installing fiber optics can be more economical compared to copper cables. Cable size plays a role. Optical fibers are incredibly thin compared to their copper counterparts. This makes installation and cable management easier.
Another factor in installation is the flexibility of fiber optics. Their bendability can help make complex runs shorter and more direct. They are also easier to pull through conduit and housings compared to copper.
Finally, fiber optics do not cause interference and require no shielding from electromagnetic fields, whereas copper must run through conduit in many applications. The added cost of conduit and the time required to pull cables can increase the installation costs of copper cables.
Components
This is a major area where the cost of fiber can quickly decrease per application compared to copper. While individual components for fiber networks tend to be more expensive, systems generally require fewer of them.
In copper-based systems, you must run horizontal and vertical backbone cabling from hardware in a central terminal to user terminals. Because of the limited distance capabilities of copper ethernet cables, you may need several such setups. However, with fiber, you can skip that and link directly from the main telecom connection to individual terminals.
This simplicity in system design means far fewer components, connections, patch cables, and backup systems. It also requires lower power to operate, which translates to ongoing savings over time.
Life Cycle
Another cost consideration is the life cycle of cabling. Copper has a shorter useful lifespan than fiber and is more prone to wear and damage compared to fiber. As more equipment transitions to fiber, compatibility issues may also necessitate replacing copper cabling. In large-scale installation, the shorter life cycle of copper often leads to increased costs over time, negating initial savings.
Networking System Maintenance and Upgrade Costs
While the upfront price of installing fiber may be slightly higher for some installations, fewer long-term maintenance requirements help offset some of that cost. Fiber requires little to no upkeep once installed.
Susceptibility to Environmental Damage
Fiber cabling resists corrosion and electromagnetic interference, making physical damage less likely. However, if repairs are needed, they tend to be complex and require specialized skills and equipment.
On the other hand, copper cables tend to be more susceptible to environmental damage and require regular maintenance to stay in top running condition. When repairs are needed, they tend to be simple and more affordable than those on fiber optic systems.
Compatibility
Many fiber components are compatible with cable systems, whereas cable components are often incompatible with fiber networks. The need for fewer transceivers and other pieces of hardware for fiber systems also helps keep operating costs down. They also produce less heat, which helps with climate control in server rooms and data centers. As a result, your data center will consume less power leading to lower power bills.
Scalability
Another key consideration in this calculation is scalability. Fiber optic systems are highly adaptable and upgradable to meet changing business data needs. In addition, fiber technology continues to advance to meet higher speeds and longer runs. Copper cabling, on the other hand, has much lower maximum data transfer speeds and distances, which can limit system expansion.
Ability to Upgrade
If you want to expand or upgrade your networking system in the future, a complete fiber infrastructure setup will provide more flexibility. For many businesses, this makes fiber a better long-term value than copper cable, even if it comes at a slightly higher upfront cost.
If you opt to begin with a copper infrastructure, you may need to add major runs and additional equipment. In some cases, you may need to replace copper cabling with optical fibers in the future. Any of those scenarios will greatly increase the overall cost of your system.
Learn More About Whether Fiber Optic is More Expensive Than Copper for Your Application
In many situations, fiber optics is more expensive than copper. However, that is not always the case. Equal Optics is a leading provider of network solution technology. Our team has extensive experience with both fiber and copper components. We can help you determine if fiber is more expensive than copper cable in your specific case. Contact us to schedule a consultation.
